LEARNING YO!
Learn English, one step at a time!
Learning topics
Subject & Object Pronouns
Who does it? Who receives it? 👀
💡 What Are Pronouns?
Pronouns are words we use instead of nouns.
Instead of repeating a name or thing, we can use a pronoun.
Milo is cute. Milo likes fish.
Milo is cute. He likes fish.
👤 Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns tell us who or what does the action.
| Subject | Example |
|---|---|
| I | I like cats. |
| You | You are kind. |
| He | He plays football. |
| She | She reads books. |
| It | It is cute. |
| We | We study English. |
| They | They are happy. |
She likes music.
They play football.
🎯 Object Pronouns
Object pronouns tell us who or what receives the action.
| Subject | Object | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | me | She helps me. |
| You | you | I like you. |
| He | him | I know him. |
| She | her | We help her. |
| It | it | I feed it. |
| We | us | They invite us. |
| They | them | I see them. |
She helps me.
👤 does it → She
❤️ receives it → me
🔄 Let's Compare!
Rina likes Milo.
➡️She likes him.
My friends help me.
➡️They help me.
I feed my cat.
➡️I feed it.
🧠 Easy Trick
They love her.
Who loves? → They
Who receives the love? → her
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the correct answer.
Prepositions in English
Where is it? Let's find out! 🔎
💡 What Are Prepositions?
Prepositions are words that tell us where something or someone is.
The book is ON the table.
The cat is UNDER the chair.
The pencil is IN the box.
📍 Learn the Prepositions
Seven little words that say a lot about where things are.
The pencil is IN the box.
The book is ON the table.
The cat is UNDER the chair.
The cat is NEXT TO the bag.
The cat is BETWEEN the boxes.
The cat is BEHIND the plant.
The cat is IN FRONT OF the house.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Look at the picture and choose the correct answer.
💡 What Is a Descriptive Text?
A descriptive text describes a specific or particular person, animal, place, or thing. It tells us what someone or something is like.
My Best Friend, Rina
Rina is kind and friendly. She has long black hair.
My Lovely Cat, Milo
Milo is small and cute. It has soft white fur.
My School
My school is big and clean. It has a large garden.
📖 Read a Descriptive Text
Let’s see how a descriptive text works!
Milo, My Lovely Cat
Milo is my lovely cat. He is a domestic cat that lives with me and my family. He is my favorite pet because he is cute, friendly, and fun to be with.
Milo has soft white and orange fur. He has round eyes, a small pink nose, and a long tail. His body is small, but his legs are strong. He also wears a small bell around his neck.
Milo has some funny habits. He likes sleeping on the sofa in the afternoon. He also enjoys playing with a small ball and running around the house. Sometimes, he follows me from one room to another.
Milo is a friendly and playful cat. He is usually calm, but he can be very active when he plays. He is also quite curious and likes exploring new places. I love Milo because his cute and friendly personality always makes me happy.
🔎 Let’s see the structure
“Milo is my lovely cat.”
Introduces the subject.
“Milo has soft white and orange fur. He has round eyes, a small pink nose, and a long tail.”
Tells us what the subject is like.
🧩 The Structure
Who or what are we describing?
“This is my lovely cat, Milo.”
What is Milo like?
“Milo is small and cute.
It has soft white fur.”
✨ Describing Words
We often use adjectives to describe people, animals, places, and things.
👀 Look!
a cute cat
a friendly girl
a big school
🧱 Language Features
Descriptive texts usually use:
“Milo is cute.
It has soft fur.”
“Milo is small and cute.”
Remember
🔑 Remember!
A descriptive text describes a specific subject.
IDENTIFICATION + DESCRIPTION
“My Lovely Cat, Milo”
Milo is small and cute. It has soft white fur.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Read the text and choose the correct answer.
Narrative Text
Once upon a time... let’s tell a story! 📖
💡 Brief Explanation
A narrative text tells a series of fictional or imaginary events in chronological order. It usually opens by introducing the characters and setting, then a problem (a complication) arises that the characters must deal with, and it closes with a resolution. Common examples include fairy tales, fables, legends, and folk tales.
Purpose of the Text
🎯 Purpose of the Text
To amuse or entertain readers with a story that deals with a series of related problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point, and finally find a resolution.
🧩 Generic Structure
Introduces characters, time, and place.
A problem or conflict arises.
The problem is solved.
A moral or closing message.
📖 Example
THE CLEVER MOUSE DEER
Once upon a time, a mouse deer lived happily near a river in the jungle. One day, a hungry crocodile blocked his path and wanted to eat him.
Suddenly, the mouse deer had an idea. “Wait,” he said calmly, “the king asked me to count how many crocodiles live in this river. Please call your friends to line up across the water.”
The crocodile believed him and gathered his friends in a row. The mouse deer then hopped from one crocodile’s back to another until he safely reached the other side.
In the end, the mouse deer escaped, and the crocodiles realized they had been tricked.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
lived, blocked, had, escaped — almost every verb is in the past form.
once upon a time, suddenly, then, in the end, finally.
a particular character (a mouse deer, a princess), not a general group.
many action verbs are used to move the plot forward.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Recount Text
Let’s retell what really happened! 🗓️
💡 Brief Explanation
A recount text is a text that retells an event or experience that happened in the past, told in the order it happened (chronologically). Common examples include holiday recounts, activity reports, diary entries, and short biographies.
Purpose of the Text
🎯 Purpose of the Text
To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining the reader, by presenting events in the order in which they happened (chronological order).
🧩 Generic Structure
Who, when, and where the event took place.
A series of events in chronological order.
A closing remark or personal comment.
📖 Example
MY TRIP TO BOROBUDUR
Last month, my family and I visited Borobudur Temple in Magelang. We left home early in the morning so we could see the sunrise.
When we arrived, we climbed to the top level of the temple. The view of the misty hills was amazing. After that, we walked around and took a lot of photos near the stupas.
At noon, we had lunch at a small restaurant nearby before heading home.
Overall, it was a memorable trip, and I hope I can visit Borobudur again someday.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
visited, climbed, walked, had — used to tell events that already happened.
last month, after that, at noon, finally, overall.
often uses I, we, my family because it is a personal experience.
unlike narrative text, a problem is not required.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Procedure Text
Let’s follow the steps! 📋
💡 Brief Explanation
A procedure text contains the steps needed to make, operate, or do something. It is arranged in sequence so that readers can follow the instructions accurately and achieve the intended result. Common examples include recipes, instruction manuals, game rules, and tutorials.
Purpose of the Text
🎯 Purpose of the Text
To help readers do or make something completely, step by step, by describing how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps.
🧩 Generic Structure
The purpose — what will be made or done.
The ingredients or tools needed (if any).
The sequence of actions in order.
📖 Example
HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA
- First, boil some water until it is hot.
- Next, put a teabag into a cup.
- Then, pour the hot water into the cup.
- After that, let it steep for about three minutes.
- Add sugar if you like it sweet.
- Finally, stir well and your tea is ready to drink.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
commands without a subject: boil, put, pour, stir.
first, next, then, after that, finally.
almost every step begins with an action verb.
used for general instructions, not the past tense.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Report Text
Let’s explore the facts! 🔬
💡 Brief Explanation
A report text presents factual information about a whole class of things — such as a type of animal, plant, place, or phenomenon — based on observation and analysis. Unlike a descriptive text, which focuses on one particular thing, a report text describes general and permanent features shared by the whole group. Common examples include information reports on animals, plants, technology, and natural phenomena.
Purpose of the Text
🎯 Purpose of the Text
To present information about something as it is, generally, after observing and analyzing it systematically.
🧩 Generic Structure
Introduces and classifies the subject — what it is or belongs to.
Describes qualities, parts, behavior, or characteristics of the subject.
📖 Example
SEA TURTLES
Sea turtles are large marine reptiles that live in oceans around the world. They have existed for more than 100 million years.
Sea turtles have a hard shell that protects their body, and their front legs are shaped like flippers, which help them swim long distances. Unlike most reptiles, sea turtles cannot pull their head and legs into their shell.
Most sea turtles eat jellyfish, seaweed, and small fish. They usually live in warm, tropical waters, and female sea turtles return to the beach where they were born to lay their eggs.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
are, have, eat, live — describes general facts, not one-time events.
‘sea turtles’, not ‘a sea turtle’ or ‘my turtle’ — refers to the whole group.
written objectively, without ‘I think’ or ‘I like’.
be-verbs (are, have) for classification; action verbs (eat, swim) for behavior.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Simple Present Tense
Facts, habits, and routines! ☀️
💡 Brief Explanation
Simple present tense is a grammatical form used to talk about facts, habits, routines, and things that are generally true. It describes actions that happen regularly or situations that do not change over time.
Purpose / Function
🎯 Purpose / Function
To state facts, habits, routines, and general truths that are not limited to a specific time.
🧩 Formula
S + V1 (+s/es for he/she/it)
S + do/does + not + V1
Do/Does + S + V1?
📖 Example
EVERYDAY ROUTINES
I wake up at six every morning. My sister brushes her teeth and gets dressed quickly.
We usually have breakfast together before school. My father drives us to school, but sometimes we walk.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
for third person singular (he/she/it): goes, watches, studies.
always, usually, often, every day, on Mondays.
used for negatives and questions: I don’t like tea. Does she like tea?
describes routines and general truths, not actions happening right now.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Simple Past Tense
Things that already happened! ⏳
💡 Brief Explanation
Simple past tense is used to talk about actions or situations that started and finished at a specific time in the past. It describes completed actions, not ongoing ones.
Purpose / Function
🎯 Purpose / Function
To talk about actions, events, or situations that happened and were completed in the past.
🧩 Formula
S + V2 (regular: verb+ed; irregular: 2nd form)
S + did not (didn’t) + V1
Did + S + V1?
📖 Example
A DAY AT THE BEACH
Last Saturday, my friends and I went to the beach. We arrived early in the morning and set up our umbrella near the shore.
We swam in the sea and built a sandcastle together. Around noon, we ate lunch under the umbrella and rested for a while.
We didn’t leave until sunset because the view was so beautiful.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
add -ed: played, walked, watched.
change form: went, ate, saw, had.
yesterday, last week, … ago, in 2020.
negatives/questions use did + base verb: didn’t go, Did you go?
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Passive Voice
Focus on the action! 🔄
💡 Brief Explanation
Passive voice is a sentence structure used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than on who or what performs it. The subject of a passive sentence receives the action instead of doing it.
Purpose / Function
🎯 Purpose / Function
To emphasize the action or the object affected by it, especially when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious.
🧩 Formula
S + am/is/are + V3 (+ by agent)
S + was/were + V3 (+ by agent)
‘by + doer’ — can be left out.
📖 Example: Active vs Passive
Let’s compare!
Workers built this bridge in 1990.
➡️This bridge was built by workers in 1990.
The teacher checks our homework every day.
➡️Our homework is checked by the teacher every day.
Someone stole my bike last night.
➡️My bike was stolen last night.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
is/am/are for present, was/were for past.
the main verb changes to its past participle: written, built, checked, eaten.
can be dropped when unknown or unimportant: ‘The letter was sent.’
frequently used in reports, news articles, and academic writing.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
Vocabulary: School Supplies
Learn everyday classroom words! ✏️
💡 Brief Explanation
This section introduces common school supplies vocabulary at A2 level. These are everyday objects students use in the classroom, useful for beginner to elementary learners building basic English vocabulary.
Learning Objective
🎯 Learning Objective
By the end of this section, you will be able to recognize, name, and use basic school supplies vocabulary in simple sentences.
🎒 School Supplies
Ten words every student should know.
I write with a pencil.
She has a blue pen.
Can I borrow your eraser?
Use a ruler to draw a straight line.
I keep my notes in a notebook.
He carries his books in a backpack.
We use scissors to cut paper.
Put some glue on the paper.
The children colored with crayons.
I sharpen my pencil with a sharpener.
🧱 Tips / Language Focus
a pencil, a ruler, a backpack.
an eraser.
add -s for most words: pencils, erasers, notebooks.
we say ‘a pair of scissors’, not ‘a scissor’.
🎯 Let's Practice!
Choose the best answer for each question.
🏆 Total Score Summary
Complete all five practice quizzes above (Report Text, Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, Passive Voice, and Vocabulary) to see your overall progress.
Total: — / 25
Report Text: — / 5
Simple Present Tense: — / 5
Simple Past Tense: — / 5
Passive Voice: — / 5
Vocabulary: — / 5
21–25: Excellent • 13–20: Good • 0–12: Needs practice